張明權 |
本期點評專家:張明權
我的一個好朋友最近接受了白血病測試。她對我說,最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待測試結果的那一周時間。我朋友說,她可能會學著直面壞結果。但真正讓人煎熬焦慮的是那種茫然的感覺。
參考譯文:
When uncertainty strikes in life
One of my good friends had a leukemia test recently. “Waiting for the test result was the most afflicting thing that week,” she told me, “What tortured me most was not dread for the worst outcome but the sense of being at a loss.
In a recent contribution to opinion pages of New York Times, Daniel Gilbert, a professor of psychology at Harvard wrote, “People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur. Most of us aren’t losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don’t know whether it will fall or not — and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they’re uncertain about.”
做翻譯的人,常常也有譯題一所說的不確定感覺,對一些用法的不確定有時候令人痛苦不堪,然而要學好翻譯,又必須時常經歷這種痛苦的考驗,所以我點評翻譯都要自己先譯一遍,這樣譯完了才能真正發現問題,包括別人的和自己的。我的譯文也是幾經周折才完成的,如果仍然不能令人滿意的話,那就是水平問題了,不是我不盡心。經歷了闡釋學、譯者自主、解構主義的洗禮以后,翻譯逐漸走向開放和自由,然而這種自由首先是建立在正確理解和恰當表達基礎上的,好的翻譯從來都不是亂譯,好的翻譯需要字斟句酌。多種譯本的存在是翻譯在不同地點、時間,在不同譯者筆下,以及面對不同讀者產生的結果,而不是翻譯自由的副產品。
譯題一大段編譯了Daniel Gilbert的文章內容,在這里我采用回譯的策略,目的在于給讀者提供地道的英文表達方式。原文見http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/20/what-you-dont-know-makes-you-nervous/?scp=3&sq=daniel%20gilbert&st=Search。具體到語言點,“不確定感向你襲來”中的“襲”與英語的strike的意思很接近,網友使用的詞匯還有overwhelm, catch you off guard等,給我的感覺是稍微過了點。“苦苦等待”與前文“最痛苦的折磨”語義重復,可以略去不譯,但“最痛苦的”一詞要譯得重一些,afflicting, heart-wrenching, torturing等詞都可以,下文的“煎熬焦慮”也是一種折磨。“茫然”說的是a sense of being at a loss,我差一點譯成了a sense of loss(失落感),幸虧檢查的時候及時發現。“夜不能寐”在Gilbert的原文中就是lose sleep,非常簡單,網友luckyera, clumsy使用了相同的翻譯,guanyu168也是,但把詞性弄錯了,寫成了loss their sleep,應該是筆誤,其他網友的翻譯包括:toss in bed at night, can’t sleep well, stay late in night, lie awake all night, suffer sleepless night, suffering from persistent insomnia, spend sleepless nights, unable to sleep, have insufficient rest等。從這一個成語的翻譯也能看出翻譯的不確定性,英語本身多同義表達,因此很容易產生多種譯文。有時候純粹用回譯來檢驗翻譯質量也是不公平的,上述的各位網友的翻譯大部分都是正確的,有的甚至超越了原文,從這個意義上來說,翻譯也不必不如原文,有論者甚至提出翻譯競賽論。
參考譯文:
General workers paid more than college graduates
The statistics, obtained from the job fair in Dongguan in the late and middle February, reveals a 20% increase in the payment for fresh college graduates, though the rises lag far behind those for skilled workers as well as general workers. Since China’s Spring Festival the payment for these workers has gradually come close to or even surpassed that for college graduates. White collars now have the same starting salary, RMB2000 (about US$304) a month, as blue collars.
Newly graduated students are now under psychological pressure who would rather “be a white collar earning RMB1000 (about US$157) than a technical worker paid RMB3000 (about US$462) a month”. Those who “condescend” to work as technicians are subject to substantial pressure from the “discrimination” against them from enterprises.
翻譯這段文字,首先要弄清楚漢語“普工”和“技工”的準確含義。首先,“普工”是“普通工人”的簡稱,有兩個意思,一個是“一般的工人”,即沒有特殊技能的工人,另一個是指“平凡的,不顯眼的(工人)”,在這里應該是第一個意思,也就是general workers;再者,“技工”是“技術工人”的簡稱,但在實際使用中,和“技師”的使用范圍有所交叉,英語對應詞也存在這種情況,比如skilled workers, technical workers, technicians。我同時使用了這三個詞,不是要混淆視聽,目的就是想說明他們之間的界限不是涇渭分明的。“迫近甚至超過”的意思是come close to or even surpass,其他的翻譯還有overtake or exceed等,“悄然”比較難找到英語對應的詞,gradually不是對這個詞的直接翻譯,是結合語境的翻譯變通。為什么不翻譯成quietly或unknowingly呢?原因主要在于想淡化這里的情感色彩,原文在談這個問題時,即帶有對大學生工資過低的擔憂,也帶有對普通工人工資增長的欣然,但無論怎樣,304美元一個月的工資實在太低了,譯成英語還是不要抒情的好。
“寧拿千元做白領,不要3000元做技工”帶有典型的漢語連動式特點,但譯成英語“拿錢”應該是定語,“寧愿…不要”對應英語句型would rather...than,藍咪咪的翻譯who would rather be complacent with 1000 yuan a month as a white collar than accepting an offer of 3000 yuan as a technical worker,對原文的信息進行了補充,讀起來比較圓潤。“放下身段”帶有“屈尊”的意思,這與中國大學生的社會地位變化有關,我這里使用了condescend一詞,但加上了引號,因為本質上做什么工作并不存在屈尊的問題,后面的“歧視”原文有引號,譯文同樣保留,是為了表明對該詞詞義不同于一般的使用。“不小的”這個修飾語,我翻譯成substantial,是因為它既有“不小的”的意思,也與前文psychological對照,表示“現實的”意思。
2011年民生第一件實事鎖定個稅改革。具體方案有望于本周三召開的國務院常務會議上出臺。昨天,國務院總理溫家寶與網友在線交流時表示,將提高個人所得稅工薪所得費用扣除標準。
參考譯文:
Individual income tax reform: threshold to be raised
The first thing on the 2011 agenda of Chinese government to benefit people with low incomes falls on the income tax reform, though the detailed draft is expected to finalise at the executive meeting of the State Council scheduled for Wednesday. In his web chat yesterday with netizens, Premier Wen Jiabao disclosed that the standard deduction amounts for income would be increased. According to sources, the income tax reform at this session of People’s Congress will be a comprehensive one, including refreshing the individual exemptions, as well as adjusting the tax brackets and rates. To quote the quarters concerned, “Aimed at less burdening on people with low and middle incomes, expansion of consumption, and an improved tax system, the income tax reform this year is expected to pave the way for combined and classified tax collection in future.”
譯題三的翻譯涉及一些專門術語,首先,“個稅”即“個人所得稅”,可以翻譯成individual 或personal income tax,但在文中可以直接稱income tax。“工薪免征額”和“工薪所得費用扣除標準”都是指工資中免稅的部分,后者解釋的更清楚,對應的英語翻譯有不少,比如threshold, cutoff point, exemptions等,可以換著使用。“級距”也是一個專業術語,英語文獻中有這樣的解釋:The range of income where you stay at any particular rate is known as a tax bracket,因此“級距”可以翻譯成brackets,而稅率是rates。關于所得稅的扣除,這里有一段話可以供參考:Individual income tax under current rules is charged at progressive rates from 5 to 45 per cent. In calculating the tax liabilities due, an individual is allowed a flat deduction of 800 yuan (US$96.6) per month.
“民生”一詞的翻譯已有很多論述,可以翻譯成livelihood issue, bread and butter issue, pocketbook issue, 但也可以結合語境翻譯成people’s life,因為這個詞就是對“人民生活”的縮略。另外,我在翻譯溫家寶和網友交流時說的話時,稍微口語化了一點,沒有譯得過分繁瑣。
(注:本次點評部分譯文參考了網友的翻譯。)
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專家簡介:
張明權,安徽省固鎮縣人,江蘇大學外國語學院副教授,英語語言文學碩士,上外博士課程班進修。主要從事英語語言學和翻譯學研究,在國內外學術期刊發表論文10余篇,出版譯著兩部,發表其他文章20余篇,有大量翻譯實踐經驗,翻譯總字數接近200萬。Email: mqzhang@ujs.edu.cn。
(作者:張明權 中國日報網英語點津 編輯:陳丹妮)