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?張明權 |
譯題一:地震“12秒”自救逃生絕招
地震心理學上有一個“12秒自救機會”,即地震發生后,若能鎮定自若地在12秒內迅速躲避到安全處,就能給自己提供最后一次自救機會。否則,兇多吉少。
日本曾有統計,發生地震時被落下物砸死的人,超過被壓死的人。可見,人在遭遇突發事件時,若能保持良好的心理狀態,及時采取自救行為或逃離現場,常能獲救,或避免死亡,臨場該如何去做呢?
“12 Seconds to Save Yourself” during an Earthquake
The rule of thumb called “12 seconds to save yourself” in earthquake psychology says that, if you retain your presence of mind to find a shelter within the first 12 seconds, you will seize the last chance to save yourself. If not, the odds are against you.
Statistics from Japan indicate that during an earthquake more people die from the strike of falling objects than from the crush of collapsed buildings. It is thus evident that in case of an emergency, if you can keep a good state of mind and take immediate safe-saving actions to flee, you will get a better opportunity to be saved or survive. However, the heart of matter lies in the measures taken then and there on the spot.
在漢語原文中,“12秒自救機會”后面沒有上義詞,它到底是“理論”、“原則”、“概念”、“說法”還是“經驗準則”呢,這是一個問題。網友也關注到了這個問題,筆者查閱了相關的資料,選擇了rule of thumb來對譯,即把它看成了“經驗準則”。“自救”這里不是self-help,因為self-help強調“自助、自立”,而非緊急情況下的自救,電影《拯救大兵雷恩》的英文就是Saving Private Ryan。“鎮定自若”有composed, perfectly calm and collected, retain one’s presence of mind等譯法可以選擇,考慮到文體特色,筆者選擇了retain one’s presence of mind。“給自己提供最后一次自救機會”與“兇多吉少”應該結合起來看,這里不能簡單使用survive一詞,因為“兇多吉少”并非一定會死,否則就沒有那些被壓埋以后得到拯救的幸存者了。地震中存在“自救”和“他救”兩種情況,因此有網友翻譯說otherwise, you couldn’t survive是不對的。在翻譯“兇多吉少”時,有網友照抄詞典翻譯,bode ill rather than well, 不注意詞性和上下文的銜接,這不是正確的翻譯方法。同樣是考慮風格的一致,筆者選擇了the odds are against you來翻譯這個漢語成語,這里也可以用英語的另一個成語,behind the eight ball來翻譯,但筆者感覺后一個不夠嚴肅,可能純屬感覺。
第二段中“超過被壓死的人”后面可以適當補充,翻譯成the crush of collapsed buildings,與前面的the strike of falling objects形成對稱。“良好的心理狀態”可以翻得簡單一些,keep a good state of mind,不用psychology or psyche等詞可以使行文更加流暢。“避免死亡”這里可以說survive。最后是一個問句,根據上下文的語意和修辭問句的功能,筆者覺得可以改成肯定句來翻譯,因此有the heart of matter lies in the measures taken then and there on the spot,其中then and there與on the spot有所重復,目的也是為了強調“現場”這一意義。
據介紹,處在這個年齡段的職場人心理波動較大,承擔來自職業、家庭、社會的壓力較多,是職業倦怠、新鮮感衰退、進階瓶頸等職業困惑的高發期。
Confronted with Three Troubles, Post -70s Choose between Work and Family
The employees, especially those post-70s who are now about 35 years old, have great pressure from work. A statistical analysis that has been recently made of employee ages by Central China Human Resources Website reveals that, more than half of those employees suffering from work-related stress or depression are 35 years old or so, among whom males aged 35-38 and females 28-33 are most frustrated.
According to the analysis report, the workers of 35 years old or so are restless in mind, for they have more pressure than people of other age groups from career, family and society. They have a high incidence of such occupational troubles as long-time exhaustion, diminished interest and bottleneck effect (compared to three mountains in the Chinese language).
譯題二中的問題大致有兩類,一是“困惑”一詞的翻譯,根據英語用詞的規律,可以適當考慮同義詞的替換,在筆者的翻譯中,前后使用了trouble and frustrate (frustration)這兩個詞,其它可以選擇的詞匯還包括baffle, stifle等。第二類是專業術語,包括“職業壓力癥”、“抑郁傾向”以及后面的“職業倦怠、新鮮感衰退、進階瓶頸”等。前面一組兩個術語分別翻譯成work-related stress 和depression。對后面的三個分析如下:“職業倦怠”就是指“職業枯竭”,通行的英文術語是burnout syndrome, 但漢語的分類似乎不是很合理,“新鮮感衰退”應該是“職業倦怠”的一部分,因此我把前兩種困惑翻譯成了long-time exhaustion and diminished interest。“進階瓶頸”是指在公司長期得不到晉升的機會,可以翻譯成bottleneck effect。最后,部分網友以網址代替網站名稱的做法是否可取,有待商榷。
譯題三:你的薪酬誰做主
這一段文字本來我也翻譯了一下,但看了各位網友的翻譯,覺得好幾個都翻的不錯,特別是金小衛的翻譯,讓人眼前一亮,整個翻譯用詞簡練,結構緊湊。所以我把自己的翻譯刪除了。
這里有幾個語言點分析一下。第一是“加薪要求”,說到底就是ask for a rise ( or raise),rise是英國英語,raise是美國英語。預約面談有點重復,用appointment以后就不要說interview或face-to-face talk了,那樣就羅嗦了。這一段漢語文字的特點就是羅嗦,所以翻譯時適當省略是必要的。說實在的,我剛開始做的一些翻譯,就是太忠實于原文的文字了,現在看去都有些后悔。“工作業績”就是performance, accomplishments或者contribution。最后是“仔細權衡”這一詞語,綜合網友的翻譯,我覺得judge, think twice和consider explicitly都不錯。另外想指出的是最后一句話,“不建議立即跳槽”,金小衛處理的很靈活,forget job-hopping。
英譯漢時不要掉入理解的陷阱
翻譯語言同樣可以生動形象
翻譯中對網絡資源利用
專家簡介:
張明權,安徽省固鎮縣人,江蘇大學外國語學院副教授,英語語言文學碩士,上外博士課程班進修。主要從事英語語言學和翻譯學研究,在國內外學術期刊發表論文10余篇,出版譯著兩部,發表其他文章20余篇,有大量翻譯實踐經驗,翻譯總字數接近200萬。Email: mqzhang@ujs.edu.cn。
(中國日報網英語點津 編輯:蔡姍姍)