Xi elaborated on China's principled position on the Taiwan question, calling for the US side to take real action to honor its commitment of not supporting "Taiwan independence", stop arming Taiwan and support peaceful reunification.

China will realize reunification, and this is unstoppable, he stressed.

He pointed out that US actions against China regarding export controls, investment screening and unilateral sanctions seriously hurt China's legitimate interests.

Stifling China's technological progress is nothing but a move to contain China's high-quality development and deprive the Chinese people of their right to development, he said.

It is important that the US side take China's concerns seriously and adopt tangible steps to lift its unilateral sanctions to provide an equal, fair and nondiscriminatory environment for Chinese businesses, he said.

Biden, in his opening remarks at the summit, said his meetings with Xi have always been "candid, straightforward and useful".

"I think it's paramount that you and I understand each other clearly, leader to leader, with no misconceptions or miscommunication," Biden said.

"We also have a responsibility to our people — and the world — to work together when we see it in our interest to do so. And the critical global challenges we face, from climate change to counter-narcotics to artificial intelligence, demand our joint efforts."

He later tweeted on the social media platform X that the two leaders "made real progress" during the talks.

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